The Pisum sativumcommonly known as pea, is a legume appreciated for its sweet and tender seeds. With over 11,000 years of history behind it, this plant has been a fundamental resource for human nutrition thanks to its high protein content (23-25%) and the richness of essential amino acids, complex carbohydrates and minerals such as iron, calcium and potassium . Let’s explore the secrets to growing peas successfully, from varieties to planting, through care and harvesting.
Variety of peas
In addition to the traditional variety of Pisum sativum, the variety Pisum sativum var is very widespread. macrocarpon, also known as munching peas. This variety, developed in 1952, is distinguished by its tender and edible pod, particularly appreciated in modern recipes. Eaters are eaten whole while the pods are still young, offering a versatile and tasty option in the kitchen. The choice between traditional varieties and eatables depends both on personal taste and on the use you want to make of the peas.
Which soil to choose for growing peas
Pea plants are easy to grow but have a limited growing season, making it essential to prepare the soil carefully. Peas require fertile, well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Work the soil deeply and enrich it with mature manure before sowing to ensure a good supply of nutrients. If the soil is too compact or clayey, it may hold too much water, increasing the risk of root rot.
Peas do not require excessive fertilization, as they are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen thanks to the bacteria present in their roots. However, they love phosphorus and potassium, so it is recommended to add some wood ash to the soil to improve its fertility.
When and how to sow
Sowing varies according to the climate, in hot areas you can start sowing from late February under glass bells, while in colder areas it is possible to sow until the beginning of July in rotation with other crops. In mild climate areas, some pea varieties can be sown in October or November for early spring crops.
The seeds must be buried at a depth of 3-5 cm, in furrows approximately 23 cm wide, with a distance of 5 cm between one seed and another. It is important to protect the seeds from birds and rodents, using nets or covers. Germination occurs quickly if the soil is sufficiently moist and temperatures remain mild.
Supports and irrigation
As the tendrils begin to sprout, the plants need support to grow vertically. Use stake sticks or wire mesh, as some varieties can reach a height of 2 metres. The support not only makes harvesting easier, but also reduces the risk of fungal diseases caused by moisture accumulation between plants.
During the flowering phase, it is essential to keep the soil constantly moist, especially in periods of drought. However, avoid water stagnation which could damage the roots. Correct watering after flowering guarantees an abundant and quality harvest.
How to care for pea seedlings
Peas do not tolerate excess nitrogen in the soil, so avoid using heavy chemical fertilizers. Crop rotation is key: growing peas in the same soil for more than two consecutive years can encourage the accumulation of soil diseases. To prevent problems, alternate growing peas with other crops, such as grains or root vegetables.
Another important attention concerns protection from weeds. Weed the soil regularly to eliminate competing plants and keep the area well ventilated.
When to harvest peas and how to store them
Peas ripen quickly, especially the early varieties, which are ideal for those who want a quick harvest that is resistant to climatic adversities. Harvesting must take place when the pods are full and the seeds inside are well formed but still tender. For eaters, the ideal time is when the pods are young and crunchy.
After harvesting, peas can be eaten fresh, frozen or dried. Preservation in the form of dried seeds is a traditional method that allows peas to be available all year round.
The importance of peas
In addition to their food value, peas play a significant role in the history of science. Gregor Mendel, the father of modern genetics, used Pisum sativum for his experiments on the transmission of hereditary characteristics. This legume was perfect for this purpose thanks to its ease of cultivation and well-defined characteristics, such as the color of the seeds and the shape of the pod.
A final note concerns the ornamental pea (genus Lathyrus), a related but inedible plant. Its seeds, in fact, can be toxic if ingested in large quantities, but its colorful blooms make it a popular choice in gardens.
How to consume peas
Fresh peas are an extremely versatile ingredient in the kitchen, suitable for numerous preparations ranging from appetizers to side dishes. They can be eaten raw, added to salads for a touch of sweetness and crunch, or cooked in soups, stews and veloutés, where they give a creamy texture and delicate flavour. They are ideal for enriching first courses such as risottos, pastas and vegetarian lasagna, offering a significant nutritional contribution thanks to their protein and fiber content. Furthermore, fresh peas can be used to prepare vegetable meatballs, savory pies and savory muffins, making them the protagonists of tasty and healthy dishes. For those who want to experiment, it is also possible to make pea milk, a vegetable drink alternative to cow’s milk. Here you will find 10 recipes with fresh peas.
