A team of Indian researchers designed and simulated one innovative perovskitic solar cell that combines a two-dimensional layer (2D) Dion-Jacobson (DJ) with a three-dimensional perovskite (3D) without lead. This configuration made it possible to obtain aenergy conversion efficiency of 31.16%exceeding the performance of the reference cells without DJ-2D layer and ensuring greater stability.
It is a significant step forward for the world of renewable energysince Perovskites are considered among the most promising materials for the future of photovoltaics. However, to date, solar cells based on perovskiti 2D, despite being more stable, have never reached the performance of their 3D counterparts.
How the new Perovskitic Solar 2D-3D solar cell works
The search selected two key materials:
- Pedama₄pb₅i₁₆a perovskite Dion-Jacobson 2D known for its stability
- Csgei₃₋ₓbrₓa lead -free 3D perovskite, chosen for its high efficiency
Scientists then used the Scaps-1d software, developed by the University of Gand, for simulate and optimize the behavior of the cell. The goal? Improve efficiency, stability and durabilitycrucial factors for large -scale adoption of perovskiti in the photovoltaic sector.
Composition and results of the simulation
The optimized cell design includes:
- Rear contacts in silver (AG)
- Gaps transport layer (HTL) in copper oxide (Cu₂o)
- Active layer 2D In Pedama₄pb₅i₁₆
- Active 3D layer in CSGEI₃₋ₓBRₓ
- Electrons transport layer (ETL) Based on Fenil-C61-Metile Butirrato (PCBM)
- Frontal contact in pond’s pond oxide with fluorine (FTO)
The final configuration led to surprising results:
- Conversion efficiency: 31.16%
- Open circuit voltage (VOC): 1,5617 V
- Short circuit current density (JSC): 22.55 but/cm²
- Filling factor (FF): 88.47%
For comparison, a solar cell Without the DJ-2D layer showed lower efficiency (30.88%)with a voc of 1,5371 Va JSC of 22.10 mA/cm² and a FF of 90.90%.
Because this discovery is important for the future of photovoltaics
Perovskitic solar cells have a enormous potentialbut their poor stability has so far limited its commercial diffusion. The integration of materials 2D and 3D represents An innovative solutionbecause it allows you to combine the resistance of two -dimensional perovskites with the high performance of three -dimensional ones.
Researchers underline that 2D-3D solar cells could be used in the future to develop Tandem Perovskite/silicon devices and other advanced technologies. The team is in fact working on:
- Solar cells tandem perovskite/perovskite and perovskite/silicon
- Strategies for improving stability through 2D materials
- Optimization of performance with linear and parabolic composition gradients
This discovery, published in the scientific journal Journal of Alleys and Compounds with the title “Achieving 31.16% efficiency in Perovskite Solar Cells via Synergistic Dion-Jacobson 2D-3D Layer Design”is the result of the collaboration between The University of Delhi, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Manipal University and the Swedish Institute of Advanced Materials.
Tandem cells in the world: China, Taiwan and Germany push beyond the limits of efficiency
Innovations in the field of tandem solar cells they don’t stop here. From the Chinafor example, important progress arrive: thePolytechnic University of the North-West of Xi’an has developed one Tandem Perovskite-semi-trasplier four-term terminal cellswhich integrates an advanced Protective branch oxide layer (in₂o₃). This material not only improves overall efficiency, but is also produced with A low -cost method without solventsmaking the process more sustainable and scalable for industrial production.
Also Academia Sinicathe most prestigious research institute of Taiwanannounced an important goal: one Solar cell tandem perovskite-silicio with two terminals (2T)capable of reaching an efficiency of 31.5%. The team is already working to further improve the design, with the aim of optimize production, increase the surface of the cells and improve stability for any large -scale industrialization.
On a global level, the efficiency record for Tandem Perovskite-Silicium cells is currently held by the Longia Chinese company that in 2023 reached 34.6% of efficiency. Closely follows the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (Kaust) in Saudi Arabiawith a cell that touched the 33.7%.
According to experts of the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer ISE) in GermanyThe Massimo theoretical potential For tandem cells it could go up to 39.5%. However, to reach and exceed this threshold, new architectures will be necessary to develop and replace some key materials, such as the Fullerene (C60) for the transport of electrons and the branching-stagno oxide (ito) to improve the transparency of the cells.
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