Freesia is a bulbous herbaceous plant belonging to the Iridaceae family. It comes from South Africa but grows well in all temperate climate zones. In our peninsula it is easy to grow it from north to south, but there is one region in particular that has specialized in industrial cultivation for the sale of cut flowers: Liguria.
Characteristics
It does not exceed 30 cm in height and there are many different qualities or cultivars, at least 16 are known, created above all to broaden the range of colours. In fact, its flowers can be white, yellow, orange, red up to blue and even purple. Furthermore, there are varieties with mottled or spotted colors. The best known and most widespread quality is Freesia Alba.
Its appearance is characterized by the small and oval corm (bulb), from which the stem and leaves develop, which do not exceed 30 cm in length and are fleshy. The flowers are bell-shaped and in groups of corollas. They have a fresh, delicate but persistent scent. Its seeds are large and round.
The multiplication of bulbs
Autumn and spring are the ideal period to carry out this operation and multiply our plants. In fact, Freesia bulbs fear the cold so they must be dug up and stored until the following year when it will be time to plant them for the new blooms. Let’s see how to proceed:
How to plant bulbs
In areas where the winter climate is harsher, it will be better to plant the Freesia bulbs in pots so that they can be sheltered from the first cold weather. The right period is from August to September, the first leaves will in fact be seen appearing at the end of summer and will continue to sprout until November and the arrival of the first cold weather. The first blooms will appear in spring.
Since the bulbs are not too large, they should be placed in holes about 3 cm deep and spaced 15 cm apart to give enough space for the adult plant.
Fertilizers
As soon as the bulb begins to sprout, it will be possible to carry out the first fertilizations with a specific product for liquid flowering plants to be diluted in water or with a slow-release granular fertilizer.
The waterings
If the bulbs are buried in the garden, rainwater alone may suffice. If placed in pots, watering must be constant but not abundant as there is an easy risk of rot.
The soil
Since the young shoot must make its way into the earth before reaching the light, it will be a good idea to prepare a soft soil, composed of universal soil, peat and sand. This mix will make it not only soft and airy but also draining.
The exposition
Like most flowering plants, Freesia also needs a lot of light. But its location will also have to take into account other determining factors:
Therefore its ideal place will be bright, dry and with as constant a climate as possible.
The diseases
The main pathologies affecting Freesia are linked to water stagnation. In fact, these are fungi and molds that easily affect the corm and then show themselves on the leaves through stains or yellowing.
Freesia planting
Propagating Freesia by seed is very simple thanks to its germination capacity. The best period is between April and May, in this way you have a greater chance of obtaining stronger and larger bulbs.
How to choose freesia varieties for your garden
For those looking for brightly colored and fragrant flowers, it is useful to know the most suitable varieties. There Freesia Double it is ideal for those who want larger flowers with a double corolla, while the Freesia Leichtlinii it is known for its elegant appearance and intense color. Explaining the characteristics of the available varieties helps readers choose the one best suited to the style of their garden.
Freesia as a cut flower: duration and care
Freesias are also perfect as cut flowers, thanks to their duration of about a week in vase. To keep them fresh for longer, it is recommended to cut the stem diagonally every two days and change the water regularly. This type of flower is particularly appreciated in spring compositions for its delicate scent and the variety of colors that easily combines with other plants.
Curiosity
The flowers of this plant are often used to create bouquets and large floral compositions. This is not only because they grow in clusters but also thanks to the great availability of colors and varieties. However, these are not the only reasons why they are in great demand on the market. In fact, we must know that the cosmetic industry uses large quantities of it for its fragrance which, as we have mentioned, is delicate, fresh but very persistent. Therefore ideal for the production of soaps, creams and lotions.
Meaning and symbolism of freesia
In the symbolism of flowers, freesia represents innocence, purity and lasting friendship, thanks to its delicate appearance and sweet scent, it is often used in weddings and floral compositions to express sincere and transparent emotions. The white freesia, in particular, is a symbol of trust and loyalty, and for this reason it is considered an ideal gift for a special friend or to celebrate a deep bond.
Freesia in aromatherapy
The scent of freesia is highly appreciated in aromatherapy for its calming and relaxing properties. The essence of the flower is often used to promote relaxation and reduce stress, both in room diffusers and in essential oils. Its delicate aroma helps create an atmosphere of serenity and well-being, and is perfect for accompanying moments of meditation or rest after a busy day.
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