The Mulleinwhose scientific name is Verbascum thapsusalso known as Barbasso badgeris a herbaceous plant that belongs to the family of Scrophulariaceaefamous for its numerous medicinal properties and the beauty of its golden yellow flowers. It is a rustic plant, which easily adapts to various types of soil and climatic conditions, making it very simple to grow.
In this guide we will discover all the information necessary to successfully grow mullein, from the type of ideal soil to irrigation and fertilization techniques, and how to protect it from diseases and parasites.
Description of the plant
Mullein is a herbaceous plant highly appreciated for its intense yellow flowers and the healing properties it possesses. It can be both annual and biennial and can reach a height ranging from 50 cm to 2 meters. The leaves are large, ovoid and slightly elongated, covered with whitish down which gives the plant a velvety appearance. The plant flowers with raceme inflorescences in the upper part of the stem, creating a sort of golden panicle that stands out among the other plants.
The origins of mullein
Mullein is native to Central Asia, Europe and Northern Africa, but has also spread to other areas of the world, such as the Americas and Australia. It grows spontaneously in uncultivated land, in meadows, along roadsides and in stony places, often up to 700-800 meters above sea level: this great ability to adapt makes mullein a resistant plant, capable of growing even in adverse conditions, as long as it has abundant sunlight available.
Where to place mullein in the garden
Mullein loves full sun and it is important to place it in an area well exposed to direct light. It grows best in sunny areas, where it can receive at least 6 hours of sun per day. Avoid placing it in the shade or in areas that are too humid, as excessive humidity can damage the plant and encourage the appearance of fungal diseases. Thanks to its rusticity, mullein tolerates both high summer temperatures and winter cold well, making it suitable for several Italian regions.
The ideal soil for mullein
One of the main qualities of mullein is its ability to adapt to almost any type of soil, although it prefers well-drained, cool and slightly alkaline soil. Drainage is essential to avoid water stagnation which could damage the roots. If the garden soil is too compact or clayey, it is advisable to lighten it by adding sand or gravel. Furthermore, the addition of organic compost improves the fertility of the soil and guarantees the plant a continuous supply of nutrients.
How to grow mullein in pots
Mullein can also be grown in pots, as long as this is large enough to contain the large root system of the plant. A pot with a diameter of at least 30-40 cm is ideal. It is important to use a light, well-drained soil, enriched with organic substance. Place the pot in a sunny area of the balcony or terrace and make sure the substrate is always well ventilated.
How to water mullein
Mullein does not need frequent watering, especially if grown in open ground. During spring and summer, simply water when the soil is completely dry. In case of prolonged drought, slightly increase the frequency of watering, but be careful not to overdo it, as the plant fears water stagnation. During winter, watering can be reduced or even suspended, as the plant enters a resting phase and is satisfied with rainwater.
How to fertilize mullein
Fertilizing mullein is pretty simple. It is sufficient to administer a slow-release granular fertilizer specific for flowering plants three times a year, in March, June and October. This will help support growth and promote abundant flowering. Alternatively, it is possible to use organic compost or mature manure, to be mixed into the soil during planting or at the beginning of spring.
When mullein blooms
The flowering period of mullein goes from June to August, but in temperate climate areas it can extend until September or even early autumn. The golden, fragrant and showy flowers attract pollinating insects such as bees and butterflies, making the plant an excellent choice also for those who want to promote biodiversity in the garden.
Diseases and pests of mullein
Mullein is a robust plant that can however be attacked by some parasites and diseases. Among the main enemies we find:
To prevent these problems, it is essential to maintain good soil drainage and check the plant regularly. In case of infestations, using organic products such as neem oil or soft soap can help control pests without harming the environment.
Multiplication of mullein
The most common method for multiplying mullein is by sowing seeds. Sowing should be carried out in a seedbed during spring, using light, well-drained soil. The seeds should be buried at a depth of about 1 cm. Once the seedlings have developed the first true leaves, they can be transplanted into open ground.
Another propagation method is dividing the tufts, to be carried out in spring. Every three years, the plant is removed from the ground and the tufts that have formed at the base are divided, taking care not to damage the roots. The new plants must then be planted in well-prepared holes, maintaining a distance of at least 15 cm between them.
Uses of mullein
Mullein is known for its medicinal properties, mainly used in herbal medicine. The flowers and leaves can be collected and used to prepare infusions and decoctions, useful in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as coughs, bronchitis and asthma. Mullein has expectorant and soothing properties, thanks to the content of mucilage and saponins, and the decoctions obtained are also used to treat skin problems such as eczema and sunburn.
Contraindications of mullein
Given the benefits stated above, the use of mullein is not recommended during pregnancy, during breastfeeding and for people with allergies or hypersensitivity to the plant. As with all medicinal plants, it is important to consult a doctor or herbalist before using it for therapeutic purposes.
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