THE’ADHDor attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, is described in the culture as “aroretini” what does it mean “attention goes to many things”. This term reflects the way people with ADHD experience the world, not limited to just one focus but moving between various interests with curiosity.
Rather than emphasizing the difficulties related to ADHD, this perspective enhances the ability to grasp stimuli from multiple frontscontributing to a form of creativity and intuition. In the Māori view, therefore, “aroreretini” invites us to see ADHD as a natural variant of neurodiversity, where the mind, exploring various ideas simultaneously, can generate unique connections.
ADHD mostly affects children, with approx 5 out of 100 who present symptoms such as poor concentration, difficulty controlling impulses and hyperactivitywhich can affect their academic performance and social interactions. It is more common among boys, while girls tend to show more inattention and less obvious symptoms, which often leads to a late diagnosis. In adults, symptoms usually improvebut some continue to experience them and may need ongoing support.
The causes, symptoms and diagnosis of ADHD
The origin ADHD is not fully understood, but it is thought to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. For example, exposure to substances such as alcohol or smoking during pregnancy or being born prematurely or with low birth weight appear to increase the risk. In contrast, there is no evidence to suggest that ADHD is caused by excessive consumption of sugar or food additives, an idea that is still widespread but not scientifically supported.
Symptoms are divided into three main categories: inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Children with attention difficulties are easily distracted, forget instructions and struggle to complete homework. Those with impulsive tendencies can speaking over others, acting without thinking and finding it difficult to wait your turn. Hyperactivity manifests itself through constant physical and verbal movement.
To diagnose ADHD you need a complete evaluation by specialists such as pediatricians or psychologistsi, based on observations of parents and teachers in multiple contexts of the child’s life. Once a diagnosis is obtained, available treatments include behavioral strategies, academic support, and, in some cases, medications.
Parent training programs can provide valuable tools to better manage daily challenges and support children in their growth journeyhelping them to enhance their strengths. Strengths that Māori culture recognizes and emphasizesplacing itself in stark contrast with our society which instead tends to label those who suffer from ADHD as “different”.
An example that all of us should learn and make our own, just like what always happens in Māori culture with autism that is called “Takiwātanga” or “my time and space” thus celebrating their differences rather than recognizing their difficulties.
